ABSTRACT
A qualidade de cápsulas tem sua exatidão da dosagem assegurada por ensaios de teor e uniformidade de conteúdo (UC). Assim, os Laboratórios de Controle de Qualidade auxiliam as farmácias magistrais a guiarem sua conduta buscando a garantia da qualidade dos seus produtos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo analisar o perfil dos resultados de UC de cápsulas magistrais, a partir dos relatórios de análise realizados entre janeiro de 2008 a fevereiro de 2010, por um Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade em Santa Catarina (Brasil). Identificou-se em 2009 um aumento no número e na proporção de farmácias que passaram a solicitar a UC de cápsulas de baixa dosagem em relação a 2008. Das análises, 78,6% tiveram aprovação como resultado, sendo o maior índice de reprovação relacionado ao teor de ativo fora do limite de 85-115%, dos quais 83,6% estavam abaixo do especificado no rótulo. Das análises reprovadas, 59,2% foram aprovadas na análise posterior e apenas 7% mantiveram o mesmo status. Neste estudo, as reprovações nas análises de UC não tiveram correlação com a dose preparada. A análise global dos resultados de uniformidade de conteúdo das cápsulas magistrais reflete a preocupação dos estabelecimentos farmacêuticos com a qualidade do produto oferecido.
The dose accuracy of capsules produced in compounding pharmacies is ensured mainly by testing their uniformity of content (UC). In order to guarantee the quality of such pharmaceuticals in Brazil, entities such as Quality Control Laboratories work together with these pharmacies. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of results on the UC of capsules, in the reports of analyses performed from January 2008 to February 2010 by a Quality Control Laboratory in Santa Catarina state (Brazil). It was found that an increase occurred in both the number and proportion of pharmacies requesting UC tests of low dose capsules in 2009, relative to 2008. Among the products tested, 78.6% were approved and the largest failure rate was related to drug contents outside the 85-115% limits, of which 83.6% were below the content specified on the label. Among the failures, 59.2% passed in a subsequent test and only 7% maintained the same error. In this study, no correlation was found between disapprovals and dose. These results reflect the compounding pharmacie?s concern for product quality.
Subject(s)
Capsules , Pharmacies , Small DosesABSTRACT
Metformin hydrochloride (MH) is an oral hypoglycemic agent and a high-dose drug that has poor flow and compression properties. In this study, the feasibility of developing adequate, low cost 500mg tablets of metformin hydrochloride by wet granulation was tested with several binders (Starch / PVP K30®; Starch1500® /PVP K30®, PVP K30® and PVP K90®) in a simple tablet press of the type used in small pharmaceutical laboratories. The drug powder was tested for ability to flow, by determining Carr?s Index (CI) and the Hausner ratio (HR). Differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis were carried out on isolated MH and 1:1 (w/w) binary mixtures with the excipients. The size distribution, friability, flow properties and drug content of the granules were analyzed, as were the hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution and uniformity of the dosage form. The drug powder showed CI > 22% and HR > 1.25, characteristic of a poor flow powder, and no significant incompatibilities with the excipients. All the granules showed adequate flow properties and were suitable for pressing into tablets, all of which complied with pharmacopeial specifications. The starch /PVP K30® and starch 1500®/PVP K30® mixtures were best for producing 500 mg MH tablets.
Cloridrato de metformina é um fármaco hipoglicemiante oral que apresenta propriedades pobres de fluxo e compressibilidade. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de comprimidos de baixo custo,após granulação por via úmida, contendo 500 mg de cloridrato de metformina e diferentes aglutinantes (F1-amido / PVP K30®; F2- Starch 1500® / PVP K30®, F3-PVP K30®, F4- PVP K90®) em máquinas de compressão de baixo desempenho usadas em laboratórios farmacêuticos de pequeno porte. As propriedades defluxo do fármaco foram analisadas através do índice de Carr (IC) e fator de Hausner (FH). Cloridrato de metformina e suas misturas binárias com os excipientes na relação 1:1 (m/m) foram analisadas por calorimetria diferencial por varredura e análise termogravimétrica. Os granulados foram analisados quanto a distribuição granulométrica, friabilidade, propriedades de fluxo e teor e os comprimidos em relação à dureza, friabilidade, desintegração, dissolução e uniformidade de conteúdo.O cloridrato de metformina apresentou IC > 22% e FH> 1,25, característicos de fluxo pobre e não apresentou incompatibilidades com os outros excipientes. Todos os granulados demonstraram adequadas propriedades de fluxo e facilidade no processo de compressão. Os comprimidos apresentaram conformidade com as especificações farmacopeicas. As misturas amido / PVPK30® e Starch 1500® / PVP K30® foram mais adequadas para produzir comprimidos de cloridrato de metformina 500 mg.
Subject(s)
Drug Compounding , Drug Evaluation , Metformin/pharmacokinetics , Pharmaceutical Preparations , TabletsABSTRACT
Metformin hydrochloride is a high-dose drug widely used as an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent. As it is highly crystalline and has poor compaction properties, it is difficult to form tablets by direct compression. The aim of this study was to develop adequate metformin tablets, pharmaceutically equivalent to the reference product, Glucophage® (marketed as Glifage® in Brazil). Metformin 500mg tablets were produced by wet granulation with various binders (A equal starch, B equal starch 1500®, C equal PVP K30®, D equal PVP K90®). The tablets were analyzed for their hardness, friability, disintegration, dissolution, content uniformity and dissolution profile (basket apparatus at 50 rpm, pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). The 4 formulations, F1 (5% A and 5% C), F2 (5% Band 5% C), F3 (10% C) and F4 (5% D), demonstratedadequate uniformity of content, hardness, friability, disintegration and total drug dissolution after 30minutes (F1, F2 and F4), and after 60 minutes (F3). The drug release time profiles fitted a Higuchi model (F1, F2and F3), similarly to the pharmaceutical reference, or a zero order model (F4). The dissolution efficiency for all the formulations was 75%, except for F3 (45%). F1 andF2 were thus equivalent to Glifage®.